3. CIA. In December 2006, the ENDF entered Somalia to confront the Islamic Courts Union, initially winning the Battle of Baidoa. The study was conducted in Addis Ababa city, the capital of Ethiopia, with a population of 3,048,631 and total area of 540 km 2.It is a metropolitan city currently structured in ten sub-municipalities (KifleKetemas) and 203 districts (Woredas) [].Federal police, which is the interest of this study, is governed under the accountability of the prime minister and is structured as . It was first celebrated for the first time in 2013. It is bordered by Eritrea to the north and northeast, Djibouti and Somalia to the east, Sudan and South Sudan to the west, and Kenya to the south. On 8 January 2022, the rank of field marshal general was awarded for the first time to Birhanu Jula. The very small Fourth Revolutionary Army became responsible for protecting the border with Kenya and those with Somalia and Sudan. 0000004269 00000 n [64], As of 2012, the ENDF consists of two separate branches: the Ground Forces and the Ethiopian Air Force. In most capitals, street violence is common, but the crime rate in Addis Ababa is lower than almost anywhere in Africa. Ethiopia is the insecurity that results from poverty, and from continuing low-level conflict. 7/1992 was issued. [9], The Ethiopian Federal Police (EPF) was established as a federal organ having its own legal personality tasked to maintain law and order at federal level, as well as to deal with riot control. Ethiopian Police Clearance Certification System Using Face Biometrics. Ethiopian-Israelis take part in a protest against alleged police brutality. Ethiopia's patriots managed to resist and defeat the fascist Italian force after the 1941 East African Campaign of World War II with the help of British, South African and Nigerian forces. It maintained Ethiopia's existence as an independent state. . On 25 September 1953, Selassie created the Imperial Ministry of National Defense that unified the Army, Air Force, and Navy. Its stated duties are the enforcement of laws and safeguarding constitutional guarantees, the prevention, detection and investigation of crime, the coordination of national state police commissions and development of national policing standards. It is the highest military rank during peacetime but has not been conferred since . Emblem of the Ethiopian National Defense Force, Flag of the Ethiopian National Defense Force, Seizure of power by the Derg 1974 and aftermath. 0000002466 00000 n 0000014589 00000 n In many rural areas, however, horses and mules were often the sole means of transportation for constables. Learn how and when to remove this template message, Ethiopian order of battle in the Second Italo-Ethiopian War, International Institute for Strategic Studies, Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front, Combined Joint Task Force - Horn of Africa, United Nations Security Council Resolution 1509, United NationsAfrican Union Mission in Darfur, United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei, "Ethiopian Parliament approves 1.8 billion dollar budget for Military", "Russia delivered Pantsir-S1 air defense missile-gun systems to Ethiopia", "Is Ethiopia Flying Iranian-Made Armed Drones? The rank system defines authority and responsibility in a police organization, and affects the culture within the police force. This led to the seizure of Mogadishu by Ethiopian troops and TFG militias and subsequent heavy fighting there. On May 22, 1953, a U.S.-Ethiopian Mutual Defense Assistance Agreement was signed. The Revolutionary Operations Coordinating Committee, organized at the subregion level, cooperated with the police in battling smuggling and economic sabotage. At present, the hierarchical structure is almost the same except for the difference in title designation. [7] This was organized under British tutelage as a centralized national force with paramilitary and constabulary units. Companies rank tax regulation as a problematic factor for doing business (GCR 2016-2017); which, in turn, has impaired investment and economic growth in Ethiopia (BTI 2016). The nation holds a PwrIndx* score of 0.7979 (a score of 0.0000 is considered 'perfect'). Whereas police rank, history of first degree relative who suffered from diabetes, hypertension and waist hip ratio showed a statistical significance with . The lower level ranges from constable to chief sergeant, the medium level from deputy inspector to inspector, and the top level from chief inspector to commissioner (Federal Police Regulation No. 0000004744 00000 n For 2023, Ethiopia is ranked 49 of 145 out of the countries considered for the annual GFP review. 10. Intensive efforts were made to enlist additional personnel. 0000006015 00000 n Though Ethiopia is one of the largest troop contributors to UN Peacekeeping, there is no big academic literature on it to describe how and why Ethiopia is able to send a large number of troops mostly to the conict ridden the Horn of Africa. The Ethiopian Police University College Formerly Called Aba Dina Police College is a public institution of higher education in Ethiopia dedicated to training police officers. However, with Ethiopia surrounded by European colonies, the necessity of ensuring that the Ethiopian army was well-maintained became apparent to the Ethiopian government. It is believed that the Ethiopian military's long experience in Somali territory, its equipment such as helicopters, and the potential for closer coordination will help the allied forces advance their territorial gains. [4], The Directorate of Police, which reported to the commissioner, included the special Criminal Investigation Branch, which had the role in directing police counterinsurgency activities through regional branch offices. With the collapse of the Soviet Union Ethiopia again turned to the Western powers for alliance and assistance. The rank insignia for enlisted personnel for the army and air force respectively. Its members were not directly involved in those mutinies, nor was this the first military committee organized to support the administration of Prime Minister Endelkachew Makonnen: Alem Zewde Tessema had established the Armed Forces Coordinated Committee on 23 March. Ethiopian government forces summarily executed a 17-year-old boy in Ethiopia's Oromia region in broad daylight, Human Rights Watch said today. Discover short videos related to ethiopian police rank on TikTok. Memo: Meritorious Unit Commendation for 4th Battalion, 31st Infantry, 2d Brigade, 10th Mountain Division (LI), Fort Drum, NY 13602, from 2nd Brigade, 10th MD(LI), 21 January 2004, downloaded from Internet and accessed mid-September 2007. Ethiopia aims to reach lower-middle-income status by 2025. Federal police held incommunicado for nearly a month 10 Ethiopian journalists and media workers, including four women from Awlo Media, along with another journalist, and two journalists from Ethio . They were based on the Romanian R-1 variant and arrived in Djibouti on 9 May 1950 after which they were carried by rail to Addis Ababa. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Law enforcement in Ethiopia is dealt with by the Ethiopian Federal Police at federal level and by regional police commissions in the Regions of Ethiopia. Political Science #13399. 0000014756 00000 n These mere accusations include rape and other gender based violence, as well as extrajudicial killings in Hagere Selam, Hitsats, Humera, Debre Abbay, and other areas where the conflict is ongoing. [36] Mengistu's People's Militia had also grown to about 200,000 members. The country lost its access to the Red Sea in 1992 when Eritrea gained its independence from Ethiopia. Bendix, Daniel; Stanley, Ruth. This transformation was still underway when war with Eritrea broke out in 1998, a development that saw the ranks of the armed forces swell along with defense expenditures. [4], The government adopted a policy whereby police constables were recruited at an early age and trained in their native regions. Since a reorganization in October 2000, the responsibility of the federal police has been transferred to the Federal Police Commission, which oversees the EPF. ", "The activities of the officer the Kuban Cossack army N.S. The ENDF relies on voluntary military service of people above 18 years of age. 0000004102 00000 n [38] The "Nabalbal" units entered combat in 1977. Then in 1946 the authorities opened the Ethiopian Police College at Sendafa. Engineers, and Signal Corps; the Territorial Army (5,000 men); and the police (28,000 men). Other special units joined the augmented 9,000-member paramilitary Mobile Emergency Police Force for employment in counterinsurgency operations. [14] Prisoners often had less than 22 square feet (2.0m2) of sleeping space in a room that could contain up to 200 persons; sleeping in rotations was not uncommon in regional prisons.[2]. [25] The three divisions seemingly included the Third Division in the Ogaden, seen as a hardship post. In Eritrea, however, the army already had taken over police functions in January 1975 from local police units suspected of being sympathetic to the secessionists. Earlier that year, prison populations decreased by 10,000 due to pardons but reportedly again increased due to increases in ethnic conflict and economic crimes. Hamsalaga: This rank is equivalent to the Lieutenant. . Due to Ethiopia's location between the Middle East and Africa, it has long been in the middle of Eastern and Western politics and has been subject to foreign invasion and aggression. 0000004428 00000 n Intentional homicides are estimates of unlawful homicides purposely inflicted as a result of domestic disputes, interpersonal violence, violent conflicts over land resources, intergang violence over turf or control, and predatory violence and killing by armed groups. w^%Q)v+>ahX|/qwE The EFP also has to provide operational support to regional police commissions. [64] Ethiopia has several defense industrial organizations that produce and overhaul different weapons systems. They were used until the 1980s when they participated in the fighting against Somalia. [28] The 3,500 consisted of 460 troops from Ethiopia (later to grow into the Tekil Brigade)[29] as well as troops from Ghana, Morocco and Tunisia. FILE - Ethiopian police march during a parade to display new police uniforms and instruct them to maintain impartiality and respect the law during the election, in Meskel Square in downtown Addis Ababa, Ethiopia on June 19, 2021. Tedla Ugbit who supported the Pro-Ethiopian polices that led to Annexation, and his deputy, Goitom Gebrezghi, police Commander of Asmara, was instrumental in suppressing the 1958 General Strike.During the general strike and demonstrations of 1958 the British consul noted that the majority were Christian and that UP members were "mostly very anti-Ethiopia ( Pool, 2001:53). About Us . Please check your download folder. He created an Imperial Bodyguard, the Kebur Zabagna, in 1917 from the earlier Mahal Safari who had traditionally attended the Ethiopian Emperor. [58][59] The prime minister of Ethiopia, Abiy Ahmed, has publicly acknowledged the possibility of war crimes taking place within the Tigray Region. Powered by Africa's List TM. Among reported U.S. equipment deliveries to Ethiopia were 120 M59 and 39 M75 armoured personnel carriers. The two-day conference was opened with remarks by Chief Administrator of Oromia regional state, Shimeles Abdissa, and Federal Police Commissioner General . It has a high rank in terms of universality, performance, collectability, acceptability, and circumvention [6][7][13]. 0000097385 00000 n Ranks and conventional units were only adopted in 1996. [4], The Marxist regime stressed that the mission of the national police was essentially politicalmore involved with suppressing political dissent as the local law enforcement role shifted to People's Protection Brigades. People's Protection Brigades took over local law enforcement duties previously assigned to the constabulary. 0000097215 00000 n [3] Police ranks, dependent on country, are similar to military ranks[4][5] in function and design due to policing in many countries developing from military organizations and . This Ethiopia-related article is a stub. After the defeat of the military government, the provisional government disbanded the former national army and relied on its own guerrilla fighters. We have provided a few examples below that you can copy and paste to your site: Your data export is now complete. Soon both former Prime Ministers Tsehafi Taezaz Aklilu Habte-Wold, and Endelkachew Makonnen, along with most of their cabinets, most regional governors, many senior military officers, and officials of the Imperial court found themselves imprisoned. 5) "Promotion in Rank" means promoting a member of the police from the rank he has held to the next higher rank. World Rank. Eritrean independence in 1991 left Ethiopia landlocked again, but the Ethiopian Navy continued to operate from foreign ports until it finally was disbanded in 1996. Ethiopian government soldiers and prisoners of war in military uniforms walk through the streets of Mekelle, the capital of Tigray region, Ethiopia, July 2, 2021. Of which; 34 Colonels were promoted to the rank of Brg. In 2002 the Ethiopian Defense Forces had a strength of approximately 250,000-350,000 troops. Federal Research Division. hb```b``e`c`fd@ A; a:L-=1 b|{vb@%.9u_s'`J%Y@:z:'ubCUW6>)@9^qp}]'SX*^.K/[do>97rV ]?js{rl]L6% The Military ranks of Ethiopia are the military insignia used by the Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF). Geography - note. While Ethiopia is a landlocked country, it is in the process of reestablishing a Blue-water navy. During 2008 the government is seeking assistance from the International Committee of the Red Cross, the local non-governmental organization Prison Fellowship Ethiopia (JFA-PFE), and the Ethiopian Human Rights Commission to improve and professionalize its human rights training and curriculum. [20] 3,518 Ethiopian troops served in the war, of which 121 were killed and 536 wounded.[21]. The lower level ranges from constable to chief sergeant, the medium level from deputy inspector to inspector, and the top level from chief inspector to commissioner (Federal Police Regulation No. BOISE, Idaho Pennsylvania police and the FBI seized a dozen items from the home of Bryan Kohberger's parents in eastern Pennsylvania, including black clothing and his size 13 Nike shoes, and also took a DNA swab of the Idaho homicide suspect's mouth, according to an unsealed search warrant released Tuesday and obtained by The Idaho Statesman. They have used food and rape as weapons of war. However, it is also one of the poorest, with a per capita gross national income of $960. [11], The Ethiopian Federal Police is in charge of riot control. The Ethiopian army had been able to execute the strategic plan of Menelik's headquarters, despite a feudal system of organization and adverse circumstances. The Deputy Commissioner depends on the Federal Police Commissioner and handles the main operational Main Departments: Crime Forensic investigation, Crime Prevention and Support Service Main Departments. Seven years later, he organized the Imperial Ethiopian Police under British tutelage as a centralized national force with paramilitary and constabulary units. The Ethiopian Police, operate with instructions from the central government. While Ethiopia is a landlocked country, it is in the process of reestablishing a Blue-water navy. Kaliti Prison is a federal prison on the southern outskirts of Addis Ababa. *PwrIndx: Each nation is assessed on individual and collective values processed through an . A conceptual model derived from the review of literature that focuses on the organizational characteristics, external actors and research practices was used to guide this research. At present, the hierarchical structure is almost the same except for the difference in title designation. [27] He became Ras, a general and minister of defense of the Imperial Ethiopian Armed Forces until his death in the 1960 Ethiopian coup attempt. [63] In 2012, the IISS estimated that the ground forces had 135,000 personnel and the air force 3,000. In the place of the previous commands, thirteen corps were established instead, distributed amongst the army headquarters. Ranks and conventional units were only adopted in 1996. [31] He then became chairman of the Derg from September to December 1974. It was attached to the American 7th Infantry Division, and fought in several engagements including the Battle of Pork Chop Hill. After the Islamists split into two groups, moderate Islamists led by Sharif Sheikh Ahmed signed a UN backed peace deal with the TFG and established a larger government in Mogadishu. [71] The Darfur mission was shut down in 202021. 4) "Medical Institution" means a police hospital, a medical center in the training institution or other institution which provides medical services to the police. A U.S. Military Assistance Advisory Group was dispatched to Ethiopia and began its work by reorganizing the army into three divisions. And I can bear witness to the fact that it is not quite so chaotic as it seems at first glance, and that on the contrary, it is profoundly disciplined, though in its own unique way. The Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF) (Amharic: , romanized:Yefdr mekelakeya erawt, lit. The Ethiopian Federal Police (EFP) was established in 1995 to serve the public, to ensure the observation of human and democratic rights and to maintain the safety and welfare of the public. [50] Ranks and conventional units were only adopted in 1996. The mission ended in 2018. I will not begin to guess the future and will say only this. 0000068855 00000 n 0000009450 00000 n 52 0 obj <> endobj [55], Analysts suggested that the move was primarily motivated by financial considerations, with the Ethiopian forces' operational costs now slated to be under AMISOM's allowance budget. Police ranks, dependent on country, are similar to military ranks in function and design due to policing in many countries developing from military organizations and operations, such as . If you use our chart images on your site or blog, we ask that you provide attribution via a link back to this page. The EFP also has to provide operational support to regional police commissions. 0000011800 00000 n 0000098650 00000 n 0 Do you have a Question, Comment or Concern? In May 1988 the Derg decided that before it could concentrate on destroying the EPLF, it would have to first eliminate the TPLF. "[3] Families usually avenged wrongs committed against their members, and the armed retainers of the nobility enforced law in the countryside according to the will of their leaders. [36] By July 1975 the International Institute for Strategic Studies was listing a mechanised division in addition to three infantry divisions. %%EOF . Ethiopia crime rate & statistics for 2012 was 8.79, a INF% increase from . According to the Ethiopian Federal Police Commission Establishment Proclamation No. In 1956 the imperial government amalgamated the separate city police forces with the national police force. Balambaras Abebe Aregai was one of the noted patriotic resistance leaders of Shoa (central Ethiopia) that rose to preeminence in the post-liberation period. During this period, Ethiopian forces were often locked in counter-insurgency campaigns against various guerrilla groups. [17] The Anglo-Ethiopian Agreement of 1944 removed the BMME from the jurisdiction of East Africa Command at Nairobi and made it responsible to the Ethiopian Minister of War. In May 1959, the Emperor established the Imperial Territorial Army as a reserve force that provided military training to civil servants. These have included Ivory Coast,[66][67] on the Burundi border,[66][68] and in Rwanda. He later became chief of staff of the Armed Forces in July 1974, and then Minister of Defense. Police operations generally emphasized punishment rather than prevention. The police usually recruited local men who were familiar with the social values of the areas in which they served; however, the populace rarely looked upon such individuals with affection. titution where regular police training is provided. 0000096307 00000 n Police ranks are a system of hierarchical relationships in police organizations. Ethiopia is leading the economic growth in one of the most exciting continents in the world. Each Riot Division has three battalions with each battalion having about 400 men. 30th Jan, 2019. World Rank. Libya 80/138. Ethiopian Police Issues Arrest Warrant on 76 Generals, Military Officers. [1] 0000005849 00000 n These volunteers, who made up just a few of some 7,000 recruits in this part of Addis Ababa, have signed themselves up to defend the capital - with similar "passing-out parades" being held in . Data were collected using a pre-tested self-administered questionnaire adopted from different studies after getting consent from the study participants. [61], The size of the ENDF has fluctuated significantly since the end of the Ethiopia-Eritrea war in 2000. note 1: landlocked - entire coastline along the Red Sea was lost with the de jure independence of Eritrea on 24 May 1993; Ethiopia is, therefore, the most populous landlocked country in the world; the Blue Nile, the chief headstream of the Nile by water volume, rises in T'ana Hayk (Lake Tana) in northwest Ethiopia note 2: three major crops may have originated in Ethiopia . A leopard has attacked 13 people, including children, in the Ethiopian town of Alaba Kulito, 200km (124 miles) south of the capital Addis Ababa, before being shot dead by the police after a chase . In: Accord Occasional Paper Series. P U Individuals or small groups usually commit homicide, whereas killing in armed conflict is usually committed by fairly cohesive groups of up to several hundred members and is thus usually excluded. Combined Joint Task Force - Horn of Africa (CJTF-HOA) established in Djibouti. Two major previous Ethiopian missions were in Liberia and Darfur. The Territorial Army's provincial units, commanded by the governor general and consisting of an unpaid civilian auxiliary, assisted the national police force in areas where police were scarce. [18], Ethiopia bought twenty AH-IV tankettes from Czechoslovakia in the late 1940s. [2], In traditional Ethiopian society, customary procedures resolved conflicts. Criminals and Crime in Ethiopia. Ethiopia ranks 163/185 economies on the ease of starting a business, dealing with construction permits there requires 9 procedures, takes 128 days and costs 275.6% of income per capita. Prison and pretrial detention center conditions remained harsh and in some cases life-threatening. - ~.~~.). On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. The Ethiopian Federal Police (EFP) was established in 1995 to serve the public, to ensure the observation of human and democratic rights and to maintain the safety and welfare of the public. 2008; Vol. Established first in Ethiopia's Somali region in 2007 to conduct counter-insurgency operations and riot control, special police quickly spread to all other regions of Ethiopia. Ethiopia crime rate & statistics for was 0.00, a NAN% decline from . Instead, they began to draw their equipment and their sources for organizational and training methods from the Soviet Union and other Comecon countries, especially Cuba. 0000025080 00000 n This article incorporates public domain material from World Factbook. 1/ "police officer" means a member of the Ethiopian Federal Police Commission who has received basic training in the police profession and is employed by the Commission; 2/ "Ministry" or "Minister" means the Ministry or Minister of the Federal Affairs, respectively; 3/ "weapon" means a pistol or a gun which fires a Within the EPF, the Special Force is tasked with the duty of keeping peace and security during riots, violence and demonstrations. 0000003298 00000 n Ethiopia has served in various United Nations and African Union peacekeeping missions. According to Ethiopian Ministry of Foreign Affairs spokesperson Ambassador Dina Mufti, the Ethiopian military's decision to join AMISOM is intended to render the peacekeeping operation more secure. The army assumed a larger role in criminal investigation and in maintaining public order. Dilip K. Das and Michael Palmiotto (eds. The name is the same but the purpose and mission is different. Corruption Rank in Ethiopia averaged 106.77 from 2000 until 2022, reaching an all time high of 138.00 in 2007 and a record low of 59.00 in 2002. Russian military experts advising Menelik II suggested trying to achieve full battle collision with Italians, to neutralize the superior firepower of their opponent and potentially nullify their problems with arms, training, and organization, rather than engaging in a campaign of harassment. A security committee formulated policy, which then was implemented by the Ministry of Interior. . Czechoslovak Armored Fighting Vehicles. The committee elected Major Mengistu Haile Mariam as its chairman and Major Atnafu Abate as its vice-chairman. [37] Ayele writes that in November 1975, the "Nabalbal" ("Flame") force was created, subdivided into battalion-sized units of 400. The video also shows torturing of one man by soldiers, then tying him up, preparing to throw him in the river. Creation noted by "Ethiopia: Mengestu Survives By His Fingertips". Ethiopian troops withdrew as part of the terms of the peace deal. Ethiopian criminals are not known to be violent; crime in Ethiopia is normally opportunistic, non-violent and non-confrontational. The Ethiopian Federal Police (EPF) was established as a federal organ having its own legal personality tasked to maintain law and order at federal level, as well as to deal with riot control. At the same time, new ranks were introduced to the ENDF. Law enforcement in Ethiopia is dealt with by the Ethiopian Federal Police at federal level and by regional police commissions in the Regions of Ethiopia. 0000002365 00000 n Ethiopia was invaded and occupied by Italy during the Italian invasion of Ethiopia of 193536, marked for Ethiopia's first time being occupied by a foreign power. The role and status of special police forces in Ethiopia remain contested. This entry last reviewed on 01/05/2023. [4] This replaced a police force of about 3,000 men who operated in and around Addis Ababa, Dire Dawa, and along the route of the railway, and had been reorganized by Belgian advisors. Traditionally, he assumes personal command of the forces in time of war.'. 0000000016 00000 n The protest comes after the police shot dead 24-year-old Ethiopian man Yehuda Biadga in the Israeli city of Bat Yam earlier in January, an incident described by the police as 'a life-threatening situation' after Biadga ran toward officers with a knife. By 20 July 1960, 3,500 troops for ONUC had arrived in the Congo. The Ethiopian Federal Police force was created in 1995 to maintain law and order at the federal level (including riot control) and to investigate organized crime. 52 58 [45], Forces underarms were estimated at 230,000 in early 1991. ", "Massacres in Bora Selewa and Debre Abay", Ethiopias leader says atrocities reported in Tigray war, Le atrocit commesse dai soldati amhara in Tigray, "Ethiopian army eager to learn from U.S. soldiers", "Ethiopian peacekeeping missions in Burundi", "Ethiopian troops awarded UN peacekeeping medals", "More Ethiopian troops arrive in Darfur bolstering peacekeeping operation", "Ethiopia celebrated 7th National Defense Day", "RDF Joins Ethiopia For Defence Day Celebration", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_National_Defense_Force&oldid=1135072983, First Revolutionary Army (headquartered at, Second Revolutionary Army (headquartered at, Third Revolutionary Army (headquartered at, Fourth Revolutionary Army (headquartered at, Fifth Revolutionary Army (headquartered at, Adejumobi and Binega, Budgeting for the Military Sector in Africa, Ch. During Emperor Haile Selassie and Dergue regimes, there were mainly three levels. The force of about 3,000 Ethiopian troops faced war crimes allegations by rights groups. The Ethiopian president who attended the graduation ceremony as a guest and gave career advice. Yet, successfully navigating this complex buisness environment can be an ardous task without the right information on your side. A special role was played by the Russian military advisers and the volunteers of Leontiev's mission.[11][12][13]. To these armies were assigned the operational forces of the army, comprising: Ethiopian soldiers have also committed many atrocities in the region of Tigray. Further information: Politics of Ethiopia, Government of Ethiopia, and Corruption in Ethiopia. Ethiopian military aviation efforts were initiated in 1929 when Tafari Mekonnen hired two French pilots and purchased four French biplanes. Law enforcement in Ethiopia is dealt with by the Ethiopian Federal Police at federal level and by regional police commissions in the Regions of Ethiopia.The Ethiopian Federal Police (EFP) was established in 1995 to serve the public, to ensure the observation of human and democratic rights and to maintain the safety and welfare of the public.

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