Answer this Irabor said: Nearly every part of the Netherlands was reclaimed from the sea. The fate of the land reclamation projects depends largely on various local government units. Bounded in the South by the Atlantic Ocean, the city is situated on the mainland, home to 70% of the city's population with series of islands and a peninsula that holds the remaining 30% (Ogunlesi, 2012). This involves the conversion of coastal wetlands into terrestrial areas. Sand mining is a thriving business in this area, which is done without proper environmental impact assessment or feasibility study. Land is the basic natural earth resource, which can be used to produce ones satisfying goods and services through agriculture, industry and commerce. The two aforementioned ordinances provided the template that gave rise to massive land reclamation in Lagos. We have carried out some investigations. Presence of sediments leads to the gradual formation of terrestrial areas, which becomes the habitat for plants. Lagos - 8,048,430 Lagos is one of earth's largest urban areas. Land reclamation involves developing and implementing a reclamation plan that considers and . Nigeria, officially known as the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a country that is located on the western coast of Africa. There's money to be made in moving land to the right place. Local sand mining is done manually by the digging of sand from the bottom of the river during low tide and conveyed ashore in hand dug canoes. Similarly, the contamination of surface and ground water with used engine oil can pollute the ground water aquifer, thus affecting neighboring community that drink water from bore hole and hand dug well. Land reclamation is gradually posing negative impact on man due to unplanned urbanization. This process of land reclamation is known as infilling while the materials used for it is known infilll. Some people believe that there is nothing that man cannot do. Two projects in nearby Bacoor Bay will see fishing villages relocated and blocked from the sea by land reclaimed for hotels catering to the new international airport, as well as a mixed-use development zone. Therefore, the best option is to remediate it so that it will carry out its ecological functions even if it results to another landform. The general principle governing land-tenure is that land is common property of the tribe as represented by the chief of the political group. A research article published by Ibidun Adelekan titled Vulnerability of Poor Urban Coastal Communities to Flooding in Lagos, Nigeria says: Metropolitan Lagos, situated on the narrow lowland coastal stretch bordering the Atlantic Ocean and originally covered with mangrove swamps, has experienced significant land cover changes as a result of past and present land reclamation activities to secure land for urban development., The article says further: In 1960, Lagos covered an area of about 200 square kilometres, but by the beginning of the twenty-first century, its contiguously built-up area was estimated at about 1,140 square kilometers, and sections of the metropolis along the coastline have high population Densities.. They include: Replacement: instead of going back to the original, which is impossible, it involves taking it to a different direction to create a replacement. In some occasions, it is filled with both. Sand spreading is when a spreader is mounted on a small floating barge; so sand is discharged alongside with water through perforations in the pipe. For indigenous vacations in Nigeria, Calabar is often the first location that comes to mind, hence why it's among the most beautiful cities in Nigeria. But in the last two months I have not caught a single fish. These activities are economically beneficial to farmers, but inimical to the environment. The promise of accelerating growth, however, is questionable. Write CSS OR LESS and hit save. It is a regular progress or change by plant and animal due to natural or anthropogenic disturbances. Political Map of Nigeria Map based on a UN map. Direct dumping is the process used when the sea bed is deep or when the underlying seabed is soft. Nigeria has a land mass area of 923,768 km and places a broad and high significance on land reclamation. Crude oil pipeline and well head situated in reclaimed coastal area in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. This method works well for foreshore locations with good seabed soil. Like other Atlantic Cities in some parts of the world, Eko Atlantic is constructed to be a citadel of infrastructural development because it is designed to create over 250,000 new jobs and address housing deficit. A concatenation of these activities changes the geography of the location, which eventually leads to the gradual loss of the coastal environment to landscape reclamation. Also the Project Director, Arctic Infrastructure (AI), Mr. Lookman Oshodi, observed that in a city like Lagos where the per square kilometre of land available to a resident is relatively small, physical development is in spread form and cohesive approach to organise the city is not adequate, leading to competition over space which gives the outlook of the winner takes all. The practice may be temporary solution . The government sometimes forcefully acquires coastal areas from the native community, remove the mangrove forest and sand fill the area in other to establish projects beneficial to the public. Areas that have mangrove vegetation before can be restored through the exportation of mangrove soil and mangrove propagules and allowed for 2030years to develop into a mature mangrove forest. Changes in land form lead to changes in the biogeography of the area. Concrete bases are constructed on this platform to carry the pipes from the drilling point, which may be at an off-shore or on-shore site to the refinery. Thus in other to expand the land area to accommodate the industrial complex, surrounding creeks were mowed down; sand filled and solidifies to build offices and apartments for workers. A study was carried out on impact of land reclamation through sand mining of coastal communities in Ikate and Ilubirin in Lagos, Nigeria. Ten waters (8 surface and 2 groundwater sources), 10 soil samples and air were collected and taken for analysis. Findings reveal that major reclamation projects in the city include, the Eko Atlantic city project, expected to accommodate 250, 000 inhabitants. Map of Niger Delta Nigeria (circled) bordering the Atlantic Ocean has the biggest mangrove forests in Africa. But due to increase in population size through births and emigrations the town no longer has enough space to accommodate the increasing population. sea-side resort, roads, houses, light poles and shopping malls. With . The results of the physico-chemical analysis and the species abundance test were derived as shown in Figure 9. Rehabilitation: we are trying to restore the original ecosystem but it cannot fully be restored because most of the species had gone extinct. "Land reclamation kills mangroves, seagrass and corals. Land in the Niger Delta area is in large demand because of traditional and cultural beliefs attached to the possession of land [1]. roads, buildings, industries and parks. This is the reclamation of a river for the purpose of constructing roads, residential quarters and industries [4]. The cost of land appreciates and has no depreciative value. People go as far as buying land in the bottom of the river for the purpose of future reclamation and development. On its right is the popular Isale Eko, an. Liverpool moved into the Premier League's top six as goals from Virgil van Dijk and Mohamed Salah deepened Wolves' relegation fears with a 2-0 defeat at Anfield. In a preliminary study conducted in the sand dredged area, soil samples were collected for physico-chemical analysis at three sites (T1, T2 and T3) from the back of the sand filled area to the entrance of the sand fill area (Figure 8). These small farms produce about 90% of the total food in Nigeria. Some even consider the Land Use Act as the only law governing land and landed property in Nigeria. An example is a construction project such as the installation of infrastructure on reclaimed coastal areas e.g. The intertidal environment is naturally a tough place for organisms to live, however, with the addition of reclamation activities the ability of organisms to survive is denigrated. The developed islands worth is estimated at N40 billion and it is planned in a way that would accommodate a population of 25,000 people and it is also expected to play significant role as regards trade and economic activities within the axis and Lagos generally. Succession: this is the replacement of a particular land use with another land use. In the Niger Delta area many people prefer building their houses close to the river because of the serene environment, for example the land and sea breeze that flow into the area. The presence of mangroves along the coast stabilizes and reinforces the soil against erosion. Luloff, James By Jamilah Mohd Salim, Maizatul Azwa Radzi, Sheriza M IntechOpen Limited mangrove wetlands. Also, many parts of the Netherlands (7,000 square kilometers coastal wetlands) were reclaimed from the sea. I have spent so much fixing my boats and engines in the last two months because they keep getting stuck in the mud.. The development of the Eko Atlantic City is being done in collaboration between Lagos state government and the organised private sector that is responsible for the funding of the project. Over half of Nigeria's population live in rural areas -- 52% to be exact. Diamond Island is located at Ilubirin Foreshore Estate and is being done by Lagos state government and a dredging company. These areas are usually port or coastal locations that attract people from other parts of the world. Imperial City is also a new reclaimed land that covers about 200 hectares of land at the back of Lekki Phase one. Before reclamation the site is cleared, which leads to the destruction of native plant species within the reclaimed area [3]. During exploration the coast is first dredged, cleared of vegetation and reclaimed in other to create a plat form for mounting pillars that carry oil pipelines and well heads. This action had further reduced the width of the coasts, leading to increased tidal flooding of terrestrial areas. Proliferation of urban areas had resulted to the increase in the encroachment of human activities around the coast. A Federal High Court, Abuja, on Tuesday, dismissed a certificate forgery suit filed by the Action Alliance (AA) against Sen. Bola Tinubu, presidential candidate of the All Progressives Congress (APC). Commenting on the economic benefits of the project in the areas where it is taking place, Bamigbetan said: The waterfront has, by the reclamation, been extended. Speaking on the Oworonsoki land reclamation exercise, Commissioner for Waterfront Infrastructure Development, Ade Akinsanya said that the project would add immense economic values to the state. We provide you with the latest breaking news. Located in the west-central part of Nigeria, Minna is a quiet and beautiful city in Nigeria. On its right is the. It is also referred to as the process of improving lands to make them suitable for more intensive use. 08 February 2021 | They claim that their canoes have since been lying on the empty shores as they could not sail out to the lagoon for fish hunting. An example of this pattern of landscape reclamation is found in a place called Eagle Island, Niger Delta where the mangrove forests were cut down and sand filled and later the area was used for developmental project (Figure 6). Dredging and sand filling activity removes the benthic species community. Reclamation can be used to revert rain-deficient (arid) areas by irrigation, the removal of pollutants (salt, alkali, etc.) A future gas plant is to be located at the beach adjacent to Edko Town in the eastern part of Abu Qir Bay. 1. Landscape reclamation is intended for urban city expansion, road construction, housing project, crude oil exploration and sand mining. The Land Reclamation practice area is a multidisciplinary practice that involves understanding site characteristics, desired land use outcomes and stakeholder considerations with the objective of developing a functional predetermined end land use. This system is usually used when the sea bed is shallow. The deadline for the reclamation activity is 2022. The following are natural resources found in land in Nigeria: columbite, dolomite, gold, tin, iron ore, limestone, silver, uranium and crude oil. Land expansion to accommodate housing projects is a major cause of coastal reclamation and is embarked upon by private and government officials. The fishing business of the residents of the community has gone pear-shaped since the land reclamation activity has begun. I hope they are being done according to the best practices in order to protect the ecosystem., He concluded by saying that: land reclamation for the purpose of constructing properties in commercial quantities is risky.. The Act was designed purposely to make provision for slum clearance, land reclamation, estates for industrial and residential purposes as well as to carry out extensive and land use planning in Lagos. Israeli police clashed Wednesday with protesters rallying against the government's judicial reform programme which critics say threatens democracy, as lawmakers held a preliminary vote on the latest controversial bill. "The oil industry in Nigeria is so corrupt that even locals get scammed. It is the replacement of populations in a habitat through a regular progression over time to a stable state following a disturbance. The Atlantic City was built by dredging up and filling in 10 kilometers (about 6.2 miles) worth of land. Artificial Land Reclamation Project | Cities Skylines 44,080 views Nov 12, 2020 1.2K Dislike Share SAM BUR 118K subscribers Reclaiming land, creating artificial islands, fancy buildings and. In October 2021, DEC prepared, . Fast-growing cities in the Gulf and Southeast Asia are turning water into real estate at a spectacular pace and scale. It also makes it mandatory for proponents of all new major developments to carry out EIAs on their proposed projects. Land that is reclaimed is used for construction of schools, hospitals, roads and bridges. The colonization of pioneer species will accelerate the establishment of other successional stages (e.g. Others include the ongoing construction on the sand-filled former marshy area, renamed Golden View Estate, Ejigbo, along Ejigbo/Ikotun road by Cele-Egbe Bridge, the 100-hectare Gracefield Island to accommodate over 10,000 residents in Lagos Lagoon, the controversial 45-hectare Apple Island project, as well as reclamation activities in Lekki and Ajah areas. Therefore with the enormous power conferred on the governments in each state, they can easily acquire or seize land in the name of public good and repossess it as private property for their personal aggrandizement. Intertidal areas, which are above water lines, are more often the site for reclamation. Alaafin of Oyo passes away at 83, after over 50 years on the throne, Liverpool tame Wolves to climb into top six, Martinelli stars as leaders Arsenal crush Everton to go five points clear, Britain's Prince Harry loses home on royal estate, PDP senator-elect lauds C/Rivers Gov. Even the engines of our fishing boat are not spared. However, the Lagos state government has allayed the fear that is being raised in some quarters as regards the massive land reclamation across the state. 86 of 1992 govern the EIA process in Nigeria. The impact of land reclamation on coastal environment and marine ecology is well recognized and widely studied. Sand mines are often abandoned after some years of operation. Salt marshes and mangrove forests that line the coasts in temperate and tropical regions respectively are also endangered because of human desire to live and do business along coasts through the execution of different coastal development projects; land subsidence from oil and gas drilling and dams that hold back marsh-building sediments [17, 18]. Reclamation on coastal environment and marine ecology is well recognized and widely studied about hectares! On its right is the replacement of a river for the purpose of future reclamation is! Unplanned urbanization is cleared, which becomes the habitat for plants said Nearly! Based on a UN Map in population size through births and emigrations the town no has! 8,048,430 Lagos is one of earth & # x27 ; s money to be located at Ilubirin foreshore Estate is!, Maizatul Azwa Radzi, Sheriza M IntechOpen Limited mangrove wetlands filled with both the cost of reclamation. 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