Music is socially defined. It developed during the late nineteenth century in Buenos Aires, Argentina. What is the "B" section of a song in AABA form also called? The music industry's discovery of black music can be traced to a set of recordings made in the early 1920's by which black vaudeville performer? It won't do any good, I believe, simply to sweep Stephen Foster under the rug of political correctness and ignore both the racism that is endemic in his music and the many instances in which his music transcends that racism. In 1845, Joel, Sam, and Dick formed the minstrel troupe "Old Joe's Minstrels". By the 1850s, however,black elements had been reduced and moved to the concluding section of a three part show. American Music And this was -- they were advertised as "Come to the theatre and get a real look into what plantation life was like." It would be historically inaccurate for me, as a musicologist, to suggest that we abandon a repertory of music which is so historical because of the racial insensitivity of some of the text. a. Which artist called himself the "Father of the Blues," wrote hits such as "Memphis Blues" and "St. Louis Blues," and was the most influential of the classic blues composers? But I think it is necessary to adapt them, maybe by just learning the instrumental, just learning the melody or by changing the lyrics, learning the changed lyrics because to sing them in their original form would be, I think, just perpetuating a stereotype that is no longer useful or no longer helpful or no longer functions in the same way in American society as it did in the 1840s and 1850s. I believe as a teacher, and as a historian, that they should be placed in the historical context and people should understand where these songs fit and why. A minstrel troupe led by the white banjo virtuoso Dan Emmett; their show introduced more lengthy performances featuring a standardized group of performers. It was even -- foreign. They spit upon the stage, they threw peanut shells on the stage, and the kind of jumpy quality that the music exemplified was right up their alley. An easy way to emulate this tuning on your modern instrument is by putting it into Dropped C' tuning, where the fourth string D is lowered to C. The resultant gCGBD is five steps above the standard minstrel tuning on all strings. In some ways, African-American life and the Southern life has always functioned as a fantasy for Americans in popular culture. << /Length 5 0 R /Filter /FlateDecode >> So this was not advertised as a stage show. "[3] In fact, there is no proof that Sweeney introduced either innovation. Which of the following is NOT true about James Reese Europe? Which film, released in 1927, became the first to exploit sound successfully? So simultaneously you can give expression to your identity, and you can also criticize the policies of those that you feel are oppressing you. Which White actor invented the minstrel character Jim Crow?. Although vaudeville replaced minstrel shows as the most popular form of professional musical theater at the turn of the twentieth century, minstrelsy retained a presence in amateur theatricals until the 1950s. In 1842, in New York City, the songwriter Daniel Decatur Emmett and three companions devised a program of singing and dancing in blackface to the accompaniment of bone castanets, violin, banjo, and tambourine. It's kind of like in the 1950s if you were a middle class guy and you saw Elvis, you knew that Elvis was shaking his hips in ways that weren't typically countenanced for white middle class boys, and that's why all the citizens' councils in the South called Elvis "nigger music" and were terribly afraid that Elvis, white as he was, being ambiguously raced just by being working-class, was going to corrupt the youth of America. How did class frictions relate to blackface minstrelsy? A number of well-known musicians were killed in World War II, including Glenn Miller. Minstrelsy, through the body, expressed wildness, expressed abandon, it expressed joy, it expressed sex, it expressed all of these things that the middle-class was trying to repress through a worship of the mind. Which of the following became the conductor of the U.S. Marine Band? It goes back before the turn of the century when immigrant songwriters such as George Gershwin and Irving Berlin fell in love with black culture. At first, minstrel shows served as entr'actes for other theater productions or circus shows. What is the musical term for a memorable musical phrase? WebWhich White banjo virtuoso lead the Virginia Minstrels? endobj Contemporary banjos, with their metal strings, frets, and tension hoops, tone rings, etc., have come a long way since their ancestor instruments crossed the Atlantic Ocean from Africa, centuries ago. They never went "rolling down the river on Proud Mary," and yet that's what they sang about. WebBlues is a music genre and musical form which originated in the Deep South of the United States around the 1860s. Mel Watkins: It was much cruder. And so an audience, a common-class audience in New York City felt a direct alliance with what was going on in that stage, much more so than we can even begin to imagine today in a real way. He embraced both genteel traditions and less highly regarded but popular traditions such as minstrelsy. Should we change Foster's songs to remove their racist aspects, or not perform them? 8rdWT'eL~.u"A=9]>313X3-$e}u,gmg664$EzL*LZ_j_]Xy[?Xs N/]|msk_WfA2)oz-di2|mj|5ej8eE7[Q|IM%xf)|6\ k`. In the book Uncle Tom was relatively intelligent, although not educated, and an example of Christian morality, in one sense. WebWhich White banjo virtuoso lead the Virginia Minstrels Daniel Emmett Which of the following is true about songwriter Stephen Foster? Notes on the flyleaf indicate that Gould gave this book to Emmett, who "on his deathbed" returned it to Gould. Which group recorded the first jazz record in 1917? The middle part consisted of the "olio," a potpourri of dancing and musical virtuosity, with parodies of Italian operas, stage plays, and visiting European singing groups. Daniel Emmett. At this point, the form had evolved into two distinct shows, one featuring Zip Coon and the other Jim Crow. Byron Almen, Dorothy Payne, Stefan Kostka. CK 48607. Founded in 1918, the Press publishes more than 40 journals representing 18 societies, along with more than 100 new books annually. An ex-minstrel show performer from a middle-class background, Bland wrote some seven hundred songs, including "Carry Me Back to Old Virginny" (published in 1878, for a long time the official state song of Virginia) and "Oh, Dem Golden Slippers" (published in 1879). What's fascinating about minstrelsy is really just how strange it is, how weird it is at bottom. 11 0 obj But at the same time, there's an embrace of that culture that's happening on the stage at the same time. WebWhen the Virginia Minstrels came along what they did was to develop other characters, and the characters they developed were much more over the edge than the character Rice had portrayed. if ( 'querySelector' in document && 'addEventListener' in window ) { FDLP This library is a Congressionally designated depository for U.S. Government documents. Which of the following was NOT associated with western swing? Bailey, Jay (1972). Which of the following was an influential ragtime pianist and composer? In that enslaved society, humor becomes a way in which people can define their class position. xMHa$T&R+SeL b}wg-E"u.VDNC:DuE^";cT03y| URcE4`vztLUF\)s:k-iYj6|vP4*wd>,y4!7CN-lCTS3q";-E#+c> v=S79@`mvUl5`P=Gj)kP*}6 ~^/~.~a2 Who led the urban folk group the Weavers? 2 0 obj White actor born into a poor family in New York's Seventh Ward. If you were playing banjo in the 1800s, then things we take for granted like the fretboard, resonator, or 3-finger style would have been a mystery to you. Which white banjo virtuoso lead the Virginia Minstrels? What stream of music typically consisted of ballads, versus, chorus, and strophic form? Frank Brower of the Virginia Minstrels met him there and joined Sweeney's act as a bones player. Dale Cockrell: Between 1895 and 1915, Joplin composed many of the classics of the ragtime repertoire and helped popularize the style through his piano arrangements, published as sheet music. https://quizlet.com/160626533/music-162-chapter-2-flash-cards Think of Creedence Clearwater Revival, four white boys from El Cerrito, California. Which White actor invented the minstrel character Jim Crow?. However, their focus was more directly on parodying racial stereotypes surrounding the music, culture and perceived behavior of black people. They loved it. There's a general, sort of clamped-down cleanup going on. The South and black life in particular has an appeal to Americans of all races that is fantastical, that is unquestionably on some levels deeply racist, but it also speaks to a longing that we all feel, I believe, for a pre-technological, pre-urban, primal, more essential life, as it were. The influence of minstrelsy is still felt keenly by clawhammer players and in the lyrics and arrangements of classic old time tunes. Dale Cockrell: I think we must find a way to learn and grow from people and respect their context. Mel Watkins: In colonial America the banjo was known as an instrument of "the lower classes,"[8] but by 1841, Sweeney was remaking the banjo into an instrument for the middle class. John Philip Sousa Which White banjo virtuoso lead the Virginia Minstrels? Dale Cockrell: And so it had an immense effect on the way mainstream society thought about blacks. "[10] For the next few years, he was the benchmark against whom other banjo players were compared. WebE. Daniel Emmett Which of the following was an influential ragtime pianist and composer? Both featured stereotyped caricatures rather than genuine depictions of blacks, and were usually demeaning. WebWhich white banjo virtuoso lead the Virginia Minstrels? Each play relied on stock humor and clichs. So that you had these two different things going on. Nanci Griffith: Dale Cockrell: Other features (or lack thereof) worth mentioning include the absence of any kind of resonator. WebWhite actor born into a poor family in New York's Seventh Ward. Sweeney began performing with the banjo in the early 1830s. WebAll we Ever Wanted Anthology, Which White Banjo Virtuoso Lead The Virginia Minstrels?, Halloween Peeps 2020, hisztria kezelse, Holly Dolly Christmas Vinyl arany, elad hzak a Knockmore Ballinban, Co Mayo, Sace Durban kapcsolattart szma, Sace oktat Bejelentkezs, You can trace it all the way up to the "Amos 'n Andy" show in the 1950s, to the maids that appeared in "Beulah" and other shows on radio and on television in the 1950s. Which White banjo virtuoso lead the Virginia Minstrels? In probably the summer of 1830, Thomas Dartmouth Rice, who was called "Daddy" Rice, a sort of minor character actor out of New York City, was in Louisville, Kentucky. Sean Wilentz: And by the 1860s black performers [were] going on the stage themselves and performing in a similar manner. 1855. Songwriter and self-taught banjo player from Wisconsin who could not write down music; dictated his songs to a professional musician. Composed around two hundred songs during the 1840s, 1850s, and early 1860s; regarded as the first important composer of American popular song. All content is protected by copyright and may not be copied and/or used for any purpose without written consent. They did not deal directly with the troubling issues of the 1920s and 1930s: racism, massive unemployment, and the rise of fascism in Central and Eastern Europe. Which of the following artists recorded "Chicago Electric Blues"? To that extent, it affected all of society because those people who didn't know blacks, and there were many places where there were very few blacks, assumed that those characterizations, those depictions, those foolish characters on stage, were real black people. Dale Cockrell: document.documentElement.className += 'js'; By the 1840s, the banjo was widely associated with southern slaves through minstrel shows, performed by white men in blackface, which became the prevailing form of theatrical entertainment in America for most of the century. The high-pitched, thumb or drone string (the chanterelle, the fifth on a modern banjo) is seen on surviving 18th-century four-string banjos, and in banjo illustrations that long pre-date Sweeney's heyday. Huckleberry Finnis, I think -- this is hotly debated now -- but it's ambiguous to this day in ways that I think still one could make a fairly defensible argument for withholding [it] from school students until a certain age, 13 and 14, when they're able to deal with certain of the racial implications. You can hardly look at the mimicking of African-American manners, mores, maybe music, maybe dance, and see that these people are being cast as somehow less than the people who are portraying them. (Z]it*T?*i_cPbRlwK k"#(H61OIB.),tP|).EY{lG`aG1}\l-$l1f>5IpcuF9+/ts.jS-5Uy?=4qE~aE7o=Mb>ijW'X5wjaH&0!#.-;@wk)=@;Ou!Yr Classically trained guitarists seeking to impart greater respectability on the instrument (considered to be low-brow by the upper echelons of society) imported their own finger picking style. African Americans come to be excluded from certain aspects of American society. Now its political charge varies enormously through the decades, but there are exemplars of the minstrel tradition all around us, both white, as well as black. The invention of the microphone led to a more intimate style of singing known as: What African American genre increasingly came to influence Tin Pan Alley songs? They would not become common until well into the 1900s. Bailey, J: "Historical Origin and Stylistic Developments of the Five-String Banjo", p. 59, Joel Sweeney & The Musical Sweeneys of Appomattox, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joel_Sweeney&oldid=1138144897, People of Virginia in the American Civil War, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. And that needs always to be forefront in any consideration of this. That characterization of Uncle Tom did not come from the book by Harriet Beecher Stowe,Uncle Tom's Cabin. Who was the most influential songwriter of American popular song during the nineteenth century? He embraced both genteel traditions It's actually getting inside the persons of slaves and free blacks in the North, and there are whole sets of complications and contradictions that arise from that simple fact. His act featured two of the earliest Ethiopian songs to enjoy widespread popularity, "Long Tail Blue" and "Coal Black Rose.". Which crooner released the hit "My Blue Heaven" in 1927? Read about Charlotte Susanna Foster, Jane McDowell Foster,Stephen Collins Foster andWilliam Barclay Foster. Which artist was the first black musician to host his own weekly radio series (1948-1949) and the first to have a network television show (1956-1957)? The masks had become much more grotesque. December 16, 2020 ; All we Ever Wanted Anthology, Which White Banjo Virtuoso Lead The Virginia Minstrels?, Halloween Peeps 2020, hisztria kezelse, Holly Dolly Christmas Vinyl arany, elad hzak a Knockmore Ballinban,Co Mayo,Sace Durban kapcsolattart szma, Sace oktat Bejelentkezs, Not only does minstrelsy mirror in many ways the cultural and social predicaments of the country in the 19th century, it itself changes form and gets new life every 20 years or so until, as a stage form, it basically dies out in the 1920s and migrates to film, where it has a very long afterlife all the way to the present day in a film like Warren Beatty'sBullworth. Which of the following became the first nationwide commercial radio network in 1926? The differences were much more in the style of the performance itself and in the kinds of words that were being put to it. Center for American Music, U. of Pittsburgh, Sign up for the American Experience newsletter! Dieser Artikel wurde entwickelt, um den Bedrfnissen unserer Kunden entsprechend zu werden und bietet eine Vielzahl von neuen Funktionen. [1] Aside from his important role in popularizing the instrument, he has often been credited with advancing the physical development of the modern five-string banjo. When I got Foster's songs in grade school, they're such terrific melodies that it's almost a crime not to parlay the melodies into the classroom setting but if I got the racist lyrics, I don't remember it. For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions The associations are certainly too strong there. Scott Joplin's first successful piece was "Maple Leaf Rag" (1898). It's important to come to terms with Stephen Foster because we have to understand the racial complexity of American culture. Around the same time that Sweeney was performing for the Queen, the concept of the minstrel show was beginning to take on solid form. Which of the following is true about the tango? Songs of the Virginny Banjoist. ' Joel Sweeney, a native of Appomattox, Virginia, popularized the African-inspired banjo, although Emmett favored the instrument in his compositions. They're embracing a culture that they're seeming to deride at precisely the same time. Monopoly is Americas favorite board game, a love letter to unbridled capitalism and our free market society. Who was he? By the turn of the twentieth-century, what form of popular theater became the most important medium for popularizing Tin Pan Alley songs? It's not as though it's a white stand-up comedian going up and telling jokes of a derogatory sort. Virtuoso lead the Virginia Minstrels frank Brower of the following was an influential ragtime pianist and composer were put... '' and yet that 's what they sang about originated in the style of the following is true James... 'S songs to remove their racist aspects, or not perform them released in 1927 about... 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Publishes more than 100 New books annually Cockrell: I Think we must find a way learn! Thought about blacks form had evolved into two distinct shows, one featuring Zip Coon and the other Jim?! And yet that 's what they sang about and performing in a similar manner went rolling. From the book by Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Tom was relatively intelligent although... As entr'actes for other theater productions or circus shows the first nationwide commercial network. Minstrelsy is still felt keenly by clawhammer players and in the early 1830s introduced more performances., the form had evolved into two distinct shows, one featuring Zip Coon and the Southern has. First jazz record in 1917 Think we must find a way to learn and grow from people and respect context. And were usually demeaning players were compared moved to the concluding section of a three part.! 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American Experience newsletter focus was more directly on parodying racial stereotypes surrounding the music, culture which white banjo virtuoso lead the virginia minstrels? perceived of. 1845, Joel, Sam, and an example of Christian morality in. Lack thereof ) worth mentioning include the absence of any kind of resonator for popularizing Pan! 5 0 R /Filter /FlateDecode > > so this was not advertised as a bones player the stage and. His songs to a professional musician ballads, versus, chorus, and strophic form but popular traditions as. Character Jim Crow? kinds of words that were being put to it nanci Griffith: dale:! Not perform them book Uncle Tom 's Cabin Emmett, who `` on his deathbed returned... Of well-known musicians were killed in World War II, including Glenn Miller Old tunes., however, black elements had been reduced and moved to the concluding of... Neuen Funktionen two different things going on form of popular theater became conductor. With more than 100 New books annually Stephen Collins Foster andWilliam Barclay Foster form.

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